incel là gì

• Incels are heterosexual men who blame women and society for their lack of romantic success
• A subset of the online misogynist “manosphere” that includes Pick Up Artists and Men’s Rights Activists, incels are known for their deep-seated pessimism and profound sense of grievance against women
• The incel ideology is rooted in the belief that women have too much power in the sexual/romantic sphere and ruin incels’ lives by rejecting them  
• Incels are the most violent sector of the manosphere, and have perpetrated a range of deadly attacks against women

When Cole Carini appeared in a Virginia emergency room in June 2020, he was missing a hand, several fingers from his other hand and was covered in shrapnel wounds.

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Investigators who searched his trang chủ found bomb-making materials and a letter describing a young man who goes to lớn a mall to lớn target “hot cheerleaders” with “deadly objects.” The letter read, in part: “I will not back down. I will not be afraid of the consequences no matter what I will be heroic I will make a statement lượt thích [incel murderer] Elliott Rodgers [sic] did he thought to lớn himself.”

Just a month earlier, Armando Hernandez, Jr., drove to lớn the Westgate Entertainment District near Phoenix, Arizona. He loaded three 30-round magazines for his AR-15 rifle, and started a video clip livestream as he stepped out of his xế hộp. "Let's get this done, guys," he said.

By the time police apprehended Hernandez, he had shot three people, none fatally.  He targeted couples, prosecutors say, because he was angry at his lack of romantic success with women. “Mr. Hernandez is a self-professed incel,” county prosecutor Edward Leiter told a judge during a May 21 hearing. “He was taking out his anger at society, the feeling that he has been bullied, the feeling that women didn’t want him.”

Carini and Hernandez are just the latest in a line of incels -- lonely, romantically frustrated young men -- whose anger has exploded in acts of deadly violence.

History and ideology

Incels, or “involuntary celibates,” are young, heterosexual men who blame women and society for their own inability to lớn khuông romantic or sexual attachments. A relatively recent phenomenon, incels have the dubious honor of being the most violent element of the manosphere -- the interconnected online world of incels, PUAs (Pick up Artists), MGTOWs (Men Going Their Own Way) and MRAs (Men’s Rights Activists). In July 2020, an MRA attacked the family of a federal judge in New Jersey, killing her son and injuring her husband.

Law enforcement officials believe violent incels have murdered at least 47 people in North America in the last six years. That number is likely low, given how little we know about incels, and how recently they have become a community of interest for law enforcement.

The term “incel” was coined in 1993 by a young Canadian woman as a label for her own single status, and as part of an effort to lớn find and connect with similarly lonely people. Today, nearly all incels are men (the majority of whom are white) – and the few women who venture into the community’s online spaces tend to lớn be roundly rejected. Further, the label of incel adopted now describes much more than vãn loneness or singledom, including the subset of incels who are consumed by homicidal rage.

The moniker was attached retroactively to lớn Marc Lepine, who in 1989 massacred 14 women at École Polytechnique in Montreal, and left behind a suicide note in which he blamed feminists for destroying his life. Since then, angry young men have taken up his cause, leaving women terrorized – and all too often, dead.

The underlying theme of incel ideology is that the current sexual “marketplace” gives women too much freedom to lớn choose their own partners. Those partners tend not to lớn be incels, who in turn believe they are being deprived of their sexual birthright. Some incels charge that women who deny them sex are committing “reverse rape” – just as dangerous and harmful as actual rape.

The incel worldview hinges on a few key beliefs, which include a number of cryptic terms:

Women will always revert to lớn hypergamy – using sexual or romantic partnerships to lớn elevate one’s own status. In the incel calculus, this means 80 percent of women want to lớn date only the “top” trăng tròn percent of available men, lavishing their attentions on only the best-looking and richest men, and leaving the remaining 80 percent of men (including incels) without a potential partner. 

In incel-speak, Chads benefit from Hypergamy. Incels, on the other hand, suffer. ​

“Chads” are the men most women want to lớn date. They are confident, brash and blessed with a very specific, apparently enviable bone structure – a point of obsessive discussions on incel forums, where members post longingly about undergoing extreme plastic surgery to lớn achieve “Chad” status.

“Stacys,” meanwhile, are the women incels want to lớn date, but who only want to lớn date Chads.​ Incels seem to lớn hate Chads and Stacys equally, but while they want to lớn be Chads, they want to lớn both date and kill Stacys. ​

Beneath incels’ coded language is a seething anger towards women and a deep well of self-loathing. This is immediately evident on incel chat rooms and other online forums, which are inundated by suicidal and homicidal rhetoric and threats.

Most incels don’t resort to lớn violence, but in a growing number of cases, online threats manifest in deadly attacks, usually targeting women. America’s most infamous incel killing spree took place in May of năm trước, when a man named Elliot Rodger opened fire near the campus of UC Santa Barbara.

Shortly before his rampage, Rodger posted a lengthy manifesto and video clip, blaming women for his unhappiness and referring to lớn himself as “the supreme gentleman.” His attack left six women dead and 14 people wounded. Rodger, who shot himself in his xế hộp after committing the attacks, has served as inspiration for a number of incel attacks. ​

​Alek Minassian, who murdered 10 people in Toronto and Scott Beierle, who shot and killed two in Tallahassee, Florida, both name-checked Rodger, as did Carini, in Virginia. Rodger is cited frequently on incel message boards as “E.R.” – as in “I’m going to lớn pull an E.R. one of these days.”

As public awareness about incels grows, more potential attacks are being identified and thwarted. That said, violent incels remain a significant concern; in 2020 alone, North American authorities have arrested five self-identified incels for killing or plotting to lớn kill women. In the spring of 2020, Canadian authorities classified an alleged incel murder as an act of terrorism, signaling a new approach to lớn addressing the incel threat.

Incel Glossary 

Ascend (also known as “Deincelification” or “Deincelization”): A verb used to describe an incel having sex or forming a romantic connection. This term has an existential connotation, as it refers to lớn incels rising above their former community and overcoming the traits that held them back from sex and/or love. (One important caveat to lớn “ascension” is that the sex cannot be with an escort; this is referred to lớn as “escortcel”). 

Blackpill: A nihilistic worldview adopted by the incel community. A “Blackpilled” male believes that no matter what he does to lớn improve himself, he will never find a romantic and/or sexual partner and is doomed to lớn a life of unhappiness and rejection.

Chad: A term referring to lớn the archetypal “anti-incel:” a white, straight male with Aryan features and other “desirable” physical traits. Chads are simultaneously despised and revered by incels, who believe that all women inherently desire these men.  

ER (also known as “going ER”): A reference to lớn Elliot Rodger, an incel who committed mass murder in Santa Barbara, California in năm trước. Prior to lớn the shooting, Rodger wrote an angry manifesto blaming women for rejecting him. “Going ER” refers to the act of committing mass murder, as inspired by Rodger.  

Femcel: A woman who identifies with inceldom. However, most male incels reject the idea that women can be incels, and these women are generally rejected by the larger incel community.  

Foid: An abbreviation of “femoid” which combines the words “female” and “humanoid” or “female” and “android.” This term is derogatory and is used to lớn reduce women to lớn a sub-human group. Incels attribute their virgin status to lớn these women, and therefore refer to lớn them pejoratively. 

Hypergamy: A term based on the biological principle that women are sexually selective for self-preservation. In the incel realm it describes the belief that women seek out men who are of higher status – either physically or financially – than vãn they are and reject all other men who they view as consequently undesirable. Further, incels believe in the “80/20 Rule” which claims that the top 80% of women only go for the top 20% of men, leaving the bottom 20% of women for the bottom 80% of men. 

Mogged: Generally used as a suffix (ex. heightmogged), this term refers to lớn someone with more of a desirable quality — height, attractiveness, success with women — than vãn the speaker, who is typically an incel. 

Looksmaxxing: Any attempts made by incels to improve upon their physical appearance. These strategies can range from haircuts and new clothes to taking steroids and going to lớn the thể hình, and all the way up to cosmetic surgery. The suffix –maxxing is also applied to lớn other activities, such as gymmaxxing or  drugsmaxxing. 

Normie: A person who is neurotypical with average attractiveness or intelligence. “Normies” are viewed by incels as superior. In the incel hierarchy, “Normies” fall between “Chads” and “incels.” 

Ragefuel: Information that contributes to lớn an incel’s increasingly angry state of mind. This information often surrounds elements of fundamental incel ideology, such as women and physically attractive men. 

Ropefuel (also known as “Suicidefuel”): Topics that feed depressive or suicidal ideations among members of the incel spectrum. The use of the word “rope” refers to lớn the suicidal method of hanging oneself. The opposite of “ropefuel" is “lifefuel.” 

Stacy: Stacys are the (similarly archetypal) counterparts to lớn Chads. They are described as beautiful, promiscuous women who can entice any man they choose, but are only interested in Chads. This term is used to stereotype and dehumanize women. 

Truecel: A moniker used for “true incels,” or men who have never had any sexual or romantic tương tác with a woman. These men believe they will always be an incel regardless of any changes they implement to lớn improve themselves. This term functions as the opposite of “fakecels” (fake incels) and “volcels” (voluntary celibates), who are looked down upon in the incel community. 

Volcel (also known as “Fakecel”): A term describing a person who is voluntarily celibate, and therefore does not fulfill the criteria of inceldom. Incels believe that these people could have sex if they wanted to lớn, whereas “truecels” have no hope for finding sexual partners. “Volcels” are viewed as frauds and are not accepted by the incel community.

Incel Violence and Plots (North America, UK and New Zealand)

February 26, 2023 - Joshua Corfee, Lake Havasu, Arizona, USA

Joshua Corfee, who referred to lớn himself as a "known incel," allegedly called in a kém chất lượng bomb threat to lớn the Las Vegas Reid International Airport on February 26, 2023, according to lớn court documents. Corfee allegedly later told an FBI investigator that he made the gọi because he wanted "international attention" and to lớn find out if he was "good looking." Corfee was arrested and charged with making threats and false statements to lớn use an explosive device, threatening to lớn use a weapon of mass destruction and false information and hoax. 

January 2022 - Caleb Bell, Epsom, Auckland, New Zealand

On January 25, 2022, Caleb Reilly Bell crashed his xế hộp into two schoolgirls at an Epsom bus stop. Bell’s xế hộp pinned the two girls to lớn a brick wall, seriously injuring both. Bell reportedly told police officers that he did this in reaction to lớn the perceived injustice of others being in happy relationships when Bell himself had never had a girlfriend. He allegedly wanted to lớn kill himself and take out as many people as possible with him. Bell also reportedly had previous fantasies of indiscriminately killing others. Bell pled guilty and was sentenced to lớn 3 years and seven months in prison for attempted murder on March 3, 2022.

November 2022 - Jacob Yerkes, Tennessee, USA

On November 8th, 2022, Jacob Yerkes was arrested in Loudon County, Tennessee, on charges of aggravated stalking and harassment. The arrest came the day after a video clip of Jacob Yerkes surfaced online, in which Yerkes visited a local police station and described stalking and making threats against a female co-worker. Yerkes previously posted misogynist, incel nội dung to lớn his social truyền thông accounts, including videos of himself talking about raping women. 

October 2022 - David Shittu, Johnston, Rhode Island, USA

David Shittu was arrested on October 12, 2022, for making threatening interstate communications when he allegedly threatened a mass shooting at the University of Michigan to lớn be carried out on October 4, 2021. According to lớn the criminal complaint, Shittu expressed admiration for incels Elliot Roger and Jake Davison, crediting the latter's crimes for his “first smile in years.” 

Shittu allegedly posted several anonymous tips to lớn an anti-hate trang web, describing his struggle with violent thoughts toward women. He described how he thinks at least once a week about “walking into a gender studies [class] with a semi-automatic firearm” and dreams every day of “caving a feminist head in with a baseball bat.” Shittu reportedly wrote, “There is a violent pro-male revolution coming and you people better get ready for it.”

July 2022 - Alejandro Richard Velasquez Gomez, San Antonio, Texas, USA

In a July 2022 Instagram post, Alejandro Richard Velasquez Gomez quoted infamous incel Elliot Rodger in his threats against that month's Turning Point USA Student kích hoạt Summit. He wrote, "July 22 is the day of retribution the day I will have revenge against all of humanity which all of you will pay for my suffering [all sic]." Some reporting indicates he may have targeted the sự kiện to lớn protest the exclusion of white supremacist "Groyper" Nicholas Fuentes, though Fuentes has denied any connection.

According to lớn the probable cause affidavit, the nineteen-year-old referred to lớn Rodger in a conversation with the FBI agent who searched his phone. The FBI phone tìm kiếm also allegedly revealed images of child sexual abuse. Velasquez Gomez was arrested on July 22, 2022, and charged with making threatening interstate communications and possession of child pornography. 

December 2021 - David Kaufman, Peekskill, Thủ đô New York, USA

On December 15, 2021, David Kaufman pleaded guilty to lớn federal stalking charges, admitting that his criminal behavior stemmed from his identification as an "incel" and confessing to lớn a stalking chiến dịch over several months targeting multiple victims from October 2019 to lớn August 2020. Kaufman, who was reportedly strongly influenced by violent incel Elliot Rodger, allegedly used social truyền thông accounts to lớn impersonate and harass his victims including "graphically threatening to lớn murder them," according to lớn the U.S. Attorney. Using online aliases, he harassed women by sending violent images of Rodger's victims, graphically violent "jokes" and rape and murder threats. Law enforcement initially gave Kaufman a warning and issued a protected order, but he violated the terms of the agreement. He now faces a minimum sentence of one year in prison and a maximum of five years.

August 2021 - Jake Davison, Plymouth, UK

On August 12, 2021, Jake Davison, a 22-year-old from Plymouth, UK, allegedly shot and killed five people, including his mother and a three-year-old girl, before killing himself. The Plymouth rampage was England's deadliest shooting attack since 2010. Davison posted multiple videos to lớn YouTube, referring to lớn himself as a virgin, nihilist "blackpiller" who had nothing left to lớn lose, bemoaning his lack of romantic success and deriding women as "simple minded" and shallow. Many of his comments echoed incel ideology, including his belief that women's primary purpose is to lớn provide men with sex, and that women are not capable of making decisions about their own sexuality. “Let’s say I get with a woman my age,” he said in one YouTube video clip. “She’s had a million relationships. Likely been destroyed and broken and torn apart by a fucking chad." 

July 2021 - Tres Genco, Hillsboro, Ohio, USA

On July 21, 2021, federal agents arrested Tres Genco, 21, of Hillsboro, Ohio, who was allegedly plotting a mass shooting of female students at an unnamed Ohio university. Genco, a self-described incel who spent time on a popular incel online diễn đàn, was indicted by a federal grand jury for attempting to lớn commit a hate crime and illegal possession of a machine gun. The indictment claims Genco's writings referred admiringly to lớn Eliot Rodger, his own hatred of women and outlined plans to lớn "slaughter” women “out of hatred, jealousy and revenge…” 

April 2021 - Malik Sanchez, Thủ đô New York, NY, USA

On April 14, 2021, the FBI and NYPD arrested Malik Sanchez for allegedly perpetrating a hoax bomb threat at a Manhattan restaurant in February 2021. According to lớn the criminal complaint, Sanchez self-identifies as an incel; he posted a video clip in February 2021 captioned "Incel Army Rise Up," which showed him yelling at two women walking in Manhattan that he has "incel rage" and supports Elliot Rodger, saying Rodger's victims "deserved to lớn be lập cập over and hit by a truck. They deserved to lớn be slaughtered." In March 2021, Sanchez posted a second video clip, showing himself approaching women and announcing his tư vấn for incels and Rodger, while making "gun" hand gestures.  On April 6, 2022, Sanchez was sentenced to lớn three years of supervised release after pleading guilty to one count of conveying false and misleading information and hoaxes. 

September 2020 - David Kaufman, Thủ đô New York, USA:

Members of the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force arrested David Kaufman, a self-described incel, who reportedly tormented a Long Island couple for a year with death and rape threats, charging him with making threatening interstate communications and stalking. The complaint alleges that Kaufman admired Elliot Rodger and used social truyền thông platforms to lớn threaten the couple and their friends, whom he blamed for "rejecting and depriving him of sex to lớn which he believed he was entitled." 

June 3, 2020 - Cole Carini, Richlands, Virginia, USA: 

Carini accidently detonated a homemade explosive device, injuring himself and leading investigators to lớn find additional bomb making materials and notes supporting incel ideology at his trang chủ. Carini’s note portrayed a bomber taking violent action against “hot cheerleaders” to lớn “make a statement” lượt thích the attack perpetrated by Elliot Rodger. In December 2020 Carini pleaded guilty to lớn a single count of manufacturing and possessing an unregistered destructive device, and was sentenced in July 2021 to 84 months in federal prison.

May trăng tròn, 2020 - Armando Hernandez Jr., Glendale, Arizona, USA

Hernandez opened fire at the Westgate Entertainment District, allegedly targeting couples.  Three people were injured in the shooting, two are said to lớn be a couple. The prosecuting attorney labeled Hernandez as a “self-described incel” and alleged that he sent video clip recordings of the attack to lớn a female he was interested in, hoping to lớn impress her.

May 12, 2020 - Joseph Miner, Queens, Thủ đô New York, USA

Miner was arrested during a sting operation when he attempted to lớn buy illegal weapons from undercover federal agents. He reportedly hoped to lớn organize a “well-trained incel hit squad” to lớn precipitate a race war targeting Jewish and Black people. Among his online comments: "God I hate women jews n-ggers."

April 21, 2020 - Carl Bennington, Covina, California, USA

Carl Bennington was arrested in April 2020 after making violent threats against women and teenage girls. Starting in năm nhâm thìn, Bennington used social truyền thông to lớn harass and physically and sexually threaten women and teens, specifically females who rejected his advances. Bennington promoted incel ideology online and referred to lớn Elliot Rodger as a victim. He pleaded guilty to lớn two counts of cyberstalking. Bennington, who faced up to lớn 10 years in federal prison, was sentenced in April 2021 to lớn 18 months. The judge cited concerns about his mental health. 

February 24, 2020 - Toronto, Canada

An unnamed minor was charged with terrorism (upgraded from first degree murder) after a machete attack at an exotic mát xa parlor that killed one woman. Police cited evidence that the attacker was motivated by incel beliefs.

December 2019 - Jean-Claude Rochefort, Montreal, Canada

Rochefort, an admirer of Marc Lepine and anti-feminist blogger, was arrested after posting nội dung glorifying the 1989 massacre. He was charged with inciting hate against women for his inflammatory posts made around the time of the 30th anniversary of the École Polytechnique attack.

August 4, 2019 - Connor Betts, Dayton, Ohio, USA

Betts was killed by police after his shooting spree, which left nine people dead, including Betts’ sister. While it does not appear that incel ideology was the primary motivation for Betts' attack, he did share some key beliefs with violent incels. He reportedly harbored anger towards women, and his former high school classmates reported that Betts was suspended for making a “hit list” of people he wanted to lớn kill and a “rape list” of girls/women who had rejected him.  

January 2019 - Christopher Wayne Cleary, Provo, Utah, USA

Cleary planned to lớn target women and commit a public mass casualty sự kiện but was arrested before any plan came to lớn fruition. Online posts detailed his distress over his virginity and inability to lớn find a relationship partner.

November 2, 2018 - Scott Paul Beierle, Tallahassee, Florida, USA

Beierle shot six women, two fatally, before killing himself at Tallahassee Hot Yoga studio. In the years before the shooting he created original nội dung that depicted graphic violence against women and he had a history of professional and personal misconduct towards women.

April 23, 2018 - Alek Minassian, Toronto, Canada

Minassian, apparently motivated by embarrassment over sexual rejection, deliberately drove a khẩn khoản into pedestrians, killing 10 and injuring 15. Minassian self-identifies as an incel and admirer of Elliot Rodger and said, in taped confessions, that he hoped his attack would spur more violent action from the incel community. On March 3, 2021, the Ontario Superior Court found Minassian guilty of multiple counts of murder and attempted murder. He faces an automatic life sentence. On June 13, 2022, he was sentenced to lớn life in prison, and is not eligible for parole for 25 years.

February 14, 2018 - Nikolas Cruz, Parkland, Florida, USA

Cruz, a 19-year-old former student, killed 17 people and injured 17 others at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School before police apprehended him. While the Valentine’s Day attack was not solely motivated by incel beliefs, Cruz’s online posts referencing Elliot Rodger suggest ideological exposure.

December 7, 2017 - William Edward Atchison, Aztec, New Mexico, USA

Atchison killed two students at Aztec High School before turning the gun on himself. His online activity included a variety of far right ideological nội dung and references to lớn Elliot Rodger, praising Rodger’s năm trước attack.

October 1, năm ngoái - Chris Harper Mercer, Roseburg, Oregon, USA

Mercer, a 26-year-old student at Umpqua Community College, fatally shot nine people before taking his own life. Prior to lớn the attack, he posted on incel message boards lamenting his lack of sexual prospects.

May 23, năm trước - Elliot Rodger, Isla Vista, California, USA

Rodger outlined his motives in YouTube videos and an online manifesto that detailed his anger towards women because of sexual rejection. He killed six people before taking his own life. Rodger has become a macabre idol, the “Supreme Gentleman,” for later violent incel perpetrators and is celebrated in online incel spaces.

August 4, 2009 - George Sodini, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Sodini shot and killed three women in an aerobics class at a Pittsburgh LA Fitness Gym before taking his own life. Notes and an online blog detailed his feelings of abandonment over his lack of sexual prospects or close relationships with women.